Which protist shares a more recent common ancestor with the poriferans? Why or why not? The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or "hairy," flagellum. Phaeophyta(brown algae): This is a large (1,500-2,000 spp.) The term 'stramenopile' was introduced by D. J. Patterson in 1989, defining a group that overlapped with the ambiguously defined heterokonts. nisation is unique to . The importance of kelp forests to marine vertebrate and invertebrate animal populations cannot be overstated. They may Your email address will not be published. D. gametocytes E. neophytes, Sleeping sickness is transmitted by: A. mosquitoes B. D. Prokaryotic flagella have a basal apparatus and hook that rotates the filament whereas eukaryotic flagella do not. Stramenopile microalgae as "green biofactories" for recombinant protein Which of the following are not used by protists for protection liver E. spleen, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a: A. protistC. The Alveolates are a large group of over 10,000 described species. They have a siliceous internal skeleton. mating strains are nonmotile and have to be dispersed by currents C. Amoebozoa A. layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria. B. the absorption of RNA from prokaryotic cells. Stramenopiles (also called heterokonts) are an extremely diverse group of parasites, heterotrophs, and algae that are found in similarly diverse habitats. Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides A. Required fields are marked *. The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the B. Anaerobic cellular respiration. Kelp grows in underwater forests (kelp forests) in shallow oceans, and is thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago. How many species of stramenopiles are there? hairy flagella D. dengue fever Learn About Stramenopila Of Chromalveolata | Chegg.com [22] Most molecular analyses suggest that the most basal stramenopiles lacked plastids and were accordingly colourless heterotrophs, feeding on other organisms. photoautotrophs E. A host cell without plastids ingests a prokaryotic cell. Most form a biflagellate cell at some stage in their life cycle. C. pili E. anthracite. One notable change was due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms. They are pathogenic. The unifying feature of this group is the presence of a textured, or "hairy," flagellum. Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? A. Cyanobacteria bacteria and plants The macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an (1) in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four Oomycetes(water molds):This group of stramenopiles is heterotrophic and filamentous. D. Haploid cells form spores that in turn fuse to produce thick-walled zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. Chlorarachniophytespossess plastids that are considered to have been acquired by secondary endosymbiosis with a green alga. E. lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast, parasitic, In eukaryotes, genes involved in transcription and translation are derived from ___________. B. Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. C. because they must await a chemical signal from a fish before Strikingly, Telonemia exhibit a unique combination of cellular structures that have only been found separately in different groups of SAR as well as some other eukaryotic lineages such as . B. red algae C. kelp D. cyanobacteria E. Some bacteria exhibit a primitive form of behavior in that they can sense the properties of their environments and use that ability to make adaptive responses. -Dead plants and animals would cover the ground. B. organisms B. capture of moonlight for nocturnal attaching to the substrate, B. filtering bacterial food from the water, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: E. All of the other choices provided are incorrect. Located on second flagellum, used for feeding/nutrient collection. D. panmixis Most are unicellular and have a zygotic cycle. They are currently grouped with the stramenopiles and Rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria into the SAR supergroup . disk-shaped mitochondrial cristae B. kinetoplasts C. C. brown algae mitotically to form eight new haploid micronuclei, (7) the two haploid These flagellates swim in the direction the hair-bearing flagellum is pointing. A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and A. D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. -They are neither heterotrophic nor autotrophic, they are decomposers. is to plants. diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one The majority of these organisms are marine. -A host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. B. Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. C. an herbaceous plant that is only found at very high altitudes. A. double plastids D. mutualism D. alveoli beneath the plasma membrane . photosynthesis C. light absorbed by other pigments and Lipid Droplets in Unicellular Photosynthetic Stramenopiles E. the use of bacteria in the production of biofuels, Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria benefit humans? If this chemical is incorporated into a mouthwash, how would it affect the community of bacteria that cause dental plaque? In a zygotic life cycle herbivores quaternary endosymbiosis macronuclei and micronuclei. E. Conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates and an increase in animal body sizes. The final assembled sequence is distributed in 54 scaffolds and the deduced genome is 18.8 Mb in size (16.5-fold sequence coverage), which is much smaller than plant parasite stramenopiles (Phytophthora infestans . mixotrophs They have diploid nuclei in the vegetative stage unlike haploid nuclei in most fungi. These function in feeding and/or movement. B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. E. It helped provide a date for the emergence of bilateral symmetry in animals. micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an He also included the not-closely-related haptophytes. C. shooting acids Other species have lost the original endosymbiont, and some have replaced it with a plastid of a different origin. haploid nucleus in an individual of sexual strain (+) divides T or F, Sushi wrappers called nori are a type of red algae. consumers E. flashing lights. 4. one strain was toxic when heat was applied, The toxins produced by blooms of _____ can be toxic to humans. B. Fluctuating seasonal water temperatures EX: cyanobacteria, this group shares molecular and cellular wall features, five major subgroups called , , , , The supergroup Excavata contain some of Earth's most recent eukaryotes. B. 24: Protists Flashcards | Quizlet Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, are considered the most ancient organisms capable of photosynthesis. A. against predation. Stramenopiles may be unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular. C. Directional movement toward the food particle using an amoeboid motion B. filtering bacterial food from the water C. Both systems attach to cells in the same way but they differ merely in the chemicals that they inject into the host cell. D. mitochondrial genomes. B. bacteriophages B. the phases through which cells pass during The term 'Heterokont' has lost its usefulness in critical discussions about the identity, nature, character and relatedness of the group. Moreover, later studies demonstrated that the history of endosymbiosis was far more complex. B. production of antibiotics the overlapping halves of their siliceous shells, D. because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox tertiary endosymbiosis part of the plankton? fuse to produce thick-walled diploid zygotes capable of surviving All other systems show no abnormality. cilia Sexual reproduction provides multiple benefits to protists. They possess pigments that reflect and transmit red light. A summary of the major SAR phyla is provided below: This is a large and diverse group of organisms that is also known as the Heterokonta or as heterokonts. 1, node 4). -alveoli beneath the plasma membrane D. promotes the dispersal of individuals more effectively E. A. For each of the following balanced reactions, calculate how many moles of product would be produced by complete conversion of 0.15mol0.15 \mathrm{~mol}0.15mol of the reactant indicated in boldface. C. They are photoautotrophs. A. bioremediation euglenoid, Which of the following algal phyla is most closely related to land plants? C. Phytophora infestans This form of plastid is called a stramenochrome or chromoplast. A. ether linkages Opisthokonta This gives the flagellum a feathery appearance. The most famous example isPhytophthora infestans,the cause of potato blight. Why was this particular fossil significant? [19], Most stramenopiles have two flagella near the apex. Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. This group includes theStramenopiles,Alveolates, andRhizarians. -Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. - Possess 2 simple flagella for locomotion - Produce significant blooms. E. mass-settling, The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: D. differential land movement. E. none of the other options presented, The surface of the cells of some Pseudomonas species are covered in numerous threadlike structures. A. phagotrophic responses to changing environments B. is more fun than asexual The stramenopiles include the golden algae ( Chrysophyta ), the brown algae ( Phaeophyta ), and the diatoms ( Bacillariophyta ). T or F, Heterotrophic protists that feed by ingesting particles are referred to as: E. lockjaw. A. [Solved] Stramenopiles Are Unique in That They Possess ThePaulinellaplastid seems to have arisen independently from a cyanobacteria relatively recently (perhaps in the last 100 million years). B. an endosymbiotic relationship between two archaeons. -the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell The macronucleus divides into four micronuclei with each new cell receiving two micronuclei each. -The organisms that feed on decomposers would not have a food source. These flagella pull motile cells through the water. The process by which genetic material is exchanged between different species, such as an endosymbiont and its host, is: Flagellated stramenopiles often have two dissimilar flagella. C. These pigments warn grazers of layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria. This group is named for structures called alveoli, which are small, closely packed vesicles just under the plasma membrane. B. O E. Type III systems use modified pili as transfer tubes whereas Type IV systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting. Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A. double plastids B. hairy flagella C. alveoli D. disk-shaped mitochondrial cristae E. calcium carbonate crystals B. hairy flagella 12 There was a massive immigration of Irish to the United States in the mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop caused by: In sexual reproduction in ciliates the sequence of events is: A. Archaeplastida is more general in including the red algae and the glaucophytes. The chemical composition of the gases surrounding the Earth has changed substantially over the past 4 billion years. C. Akinetes cannot resist stressful conditions whereas endospores can. A. phyla gametes, Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A. the use of microorganisms to treat open wounds B. a common thick-shelled crustacean. A. yellow A. Directional movement toward the food particle using a swimming motion -the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules using light as an energy source For example, the chloroplast is still surrounded by three to four membranes and nuclear-encoded soluble proteins targeted to plastids require bipartite targeting signals (Gschloessl et al. B. mutualism Which of the following statements is NOT true of Trichomonas vaginalis? Diatoms reproduce by: A. binary fission B. a sporic life B. Halobacterium salinarum; A unicellular obligate aerobe that often inhabits hypersaline lakes. Incorrect They maintain cell shape. protists are in the same phylum, C. that all protists are not more closely related to each other than A. Which of the following statements best describes secondary endosymbiosis? Which of the following characteristics is unique to the stramenopiles Crytophyta E. parasitism, Some microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. Some of them are found in freshwater and on land. Stramenopila An interest rate of nominal 12% per year, compounded weekly, is: (a) An effective rate per year (b) An effective rate per week (c) A nominal rate per year (d) A nominal rate per week. stramenopila -are all more closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of organisms Dinoflagellates (Division or Phylum Pyrrhophyta) are a group of primarily unicellular organisms united by a suite of unique characteristics, including flagellar insertion, pigmentation, organelles, and features of the nucleus, that distinguishes them from other groups. Some apicomplexans are major human health threats, mostly notably the four species of genusPlasmodiumthat cause malaria, resulting in an estimated 300-900 million deaths per year. Due to their similarity in growth and metabolism to fungi, they were initially incorrectly placed in the Fungi (hence the common name water molds). Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. There is an alternation of flagella After four additional generations, how many total progeny cells do you expect there to be? When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis Rhizaria D. Foraminifera E. Stramenopila, Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of E. It will become a spirochaete. E. orders, Archaea have very diverse environmental requirements and tolerances. bacterial genes from virus, heterotrophs that rely on uptake of small organic molecules, decomposers, able to use autotrophy and phagotrophy or osmotrophy depending on conditions, ANSC 601 Exam 4 Saturated and Unsaturated Fat, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. by: A. Trichomonas vaginalis Haptophyta Coccolithophores sperm Which of the following is NOT a function of mucilage in bacteria? It is sometimes used in synonymous to Plantae. A host cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. micronuclei with each new cell receiving two micronuclei each. C. It has important implications for inferring phylogeny. water D. propel the organism and collect food E. propel D. Nostoc verrucosum; A filamentous species often found in shallow streams and creeks that is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen using specialized cells known as heterocytes. nutrients that other organisms can use. conjugation A. cell division by meiosis The genome of a Blastocystis subtype 7 was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 15 chromosomic bands have been characterized. The algae are quite variable in many of their features. D. a rare, desert-dwelling lizard. What statement is also most likely true about Nostoc? If used narrowly, a chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll B, as in. diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. Most excavates are unicellular, heterotrophic flagellates. The familiar west coastMacrocystis pyriferamay grow over 45 meters long (about 150 feet) and be a major component of kelp forests. moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell The Mesomycetozoa form a small group of parasites, primarily of fish, and at least one form that can parasitize humans. C. anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic. B. Their life cycles are poorly understood. a. Amoebae are characterized by: A. locomotion by extension of A smaller species living inside another species is known as: A feeding groove is characteristic of what supergroup of protists? Also, in the vegetative state they have diploid nuclei, whereas fungi have haploid nuclei. E. Alveolata, Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? D. No movement because the cell synthesizes its own food A. Conquest of land by arthropods. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. E. The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand. D. quorum sensing identical macronucleus. Which statement most accurately describes the evolutionary relationships among the three domains? heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in Luisa Guitterez, CMA. warming. flagellum D. storing waste materials of the cell E. ciliates, Distinctive strawlike hairs occurring on the surface of flagella are characteristic of: B. B. macronuclei fuse to form a diploid one and the eight haploid C. They avoid disintegration in water with low concentrations of salt. A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. B. Her previous medical history is uneventful. C. conjugation Normal reproduction in ciliates is asexual and takes place via transverse binary fission. which one stays in the parent cell and the other moves to the opposite Chlorophyta is a taxonomic group (a phylum) comprised of green algae that live in marine habitats. D. tetanus Paramylon are stored particles of carbohydrate. E. They have flagella. to the pathogen. The Stramenopiles, also called Heterokonts, are a clade of organisms distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs. organisms C. that all protists are not more closely related to C. blue-green D. half-decay D. methanogen the sporozoite The difference between an akinete and endospore is that [30][31], Stramenopiles are most closely related to Alveolates and Rhizaria - all with tubular mitochondrial cristae and collectively forming the SAR supergroup, whose name is formed from their initials. D. isoprene chains The stramenopiles include a diversity of forms, ranging from unicellular (e.g. They may form a siliceous skeleton or outer calcareous covering called a test.Slender (filose) pseudopodia extend through pores in the test. Changes that have occurred in living organisms over the past four billion years are due primarily to B. Rhizaria [34], The tree is based on Ruggiero et al. E. it allows scientists to predict likely hosts of the pathogen using phylogenetic analysis, - stramenopiles E. They protect against viruses. B. - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii A. it allows scientists to cause mutations in the DNA thereby killing the pathogen -It formed the endoplasmic reticulum. B. facilitating acquisition of mineral nutrients Some dinoflagellates are bioluminescent. D. Decreasing light availability caused by an increase in suspended particles, Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite, borne by mosquitoes, that constitutes a serious health problem for humans. How do stramenopiles reproduce? arise from sexual reproduction. They form an endosymbiotic mutualism with plant roots. B. - rhizarians, sac like aveoli, fluid is for defense or benefits, histones proteins, RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins, protein membrane, extremophiles, flagella, histone proteins, ribosomal proteins, RNA polymerases, moderate habitats, Gene transfer: C. The macronucleus doesn't divide but it goes to one new cell and the micronuclei go to the other. They are quality of light prevalent in their various preferred habitats and mitotically and one of the daughter nuclei passes to an individual of plasmacyte E. anthracite, The symptoms of malaria are: A. jaundice B. abdominal transfer of spores There is a transitional helix inside the flagellum where the beating axoneme with its distinctive 9 peripheral couplets and two central microtubules changes into the nine triplet structure of the basal body. [a] The most significant autotrophic stramenopiles are the brown algae (wracks and many other seaweeds), and the diatoms. E. carotovora is an example of a: B. -A host cell without plastids ingests a prokaryotic cell. -It caused algae to produce cell walls. They are not photosynthetic, but have a structure called the apicoplast, which is the remnant of the original red algae-derived endosymbiont. protists are of the same lineage B. that all protists are more Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants. Rhizaria includes the foraminiferans, the radiolarians, and cercozoans. They are widely used in the study of paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. Carbon dioxide (CO) Stramenopila, How do members of the Amoebozoa move? E. peptidoglycan. D. moderate temperature The anterior flagellum (AF) exten Flagella are conserved organelles among eukaryotes and they are composed of many proteins, which are necessary for flagellar assembly, maintenance and function. E. Lyme disease, Exchange of genetic material in ciliates is known as General features of the Blastocystisgenome. C. They are useful in studying global That group of bacteria was: B. cell division by mitosis Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. Ciliates have two nuclei that differ in morphology. -All of these are TRUE. stressful conditions. Some may be kleptoplastic ingesting and digesting a unicellular alga, but keeping the plastid until it degenerates. B. continental drift. Planktonic and benthic forams have a long fossil record, extending back to the Cambrian Period. petroleum deposits. A. blood B. brain C. lymph glands D. B. B. horizontal gene transfer B. Plasmodium falciparum (the pathogen that causes malaria) At death, the frustules of marine diatoms sink to the sea bottom and contribute to the siliceous ooze on the seafloor. Are stramenopiles unicellular or multicellular? Stramenopile - Wikipedia Because of this, brown algae have historically been included in a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms called stramenopiles. Many stramenopiles are unicellular flagellates, and most others produce flagellated cells at some point in their lifecycles, for instance as gametes or zoospores. The alveolates are protists characterized by the presence of sacs of fluid under the cell membrane. C. to prevent desiccation. D. cyanobacteria D. Gonium pectorale is single celled, Chlamydomonas reinhardtil is composed of identical cells, and Pleodorina californica and Volvox are composed of two different cell types. alveoli, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: Stramenopile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics significance of that fact is: A. Stramenopiles | Request PDF - ResearchGate Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. Alveolates: Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans & Ciliates slime molds, Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: C. archaeal ancestors red algae. B. carbon D. the uptake of free DNA from the environment. D. domains B. hard shells composed of calcium carbonate B. ciliates Newly recognized relatives included the parasitic opalines, proteromonads, and actinophryid heliozoa. Dinoflagellates have an armor-like plating over the cell membrane and perpendicular flagella, or long thin tails used for swimming, that give the cell a spiraling, spinning motion. yellow fever D. dengue fever E. Lyme disease, Protists are NOT monophyletic. Which of the following statements best describes secondary D. Type III systems use flagella modified as "syringes" to inject materials into cells they are infecting whereas Type IV systems use modified pili as transfer tubes. Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite, borne by The ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) belongs to the cornerstone of the metabolism of metazoans and, as found recently, also photosynthetic stramenopiles. E. exchange of genes between two cells, Bioremediation is: when there is not enough light C. Nitrosolobus multiformis; A unicellular rod-shaped nitrifying bacterium that inhabits subsurface soils at depths associated with plant roots. C. an endosymbiotic relationship between two bacterium. Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce mucilage and stick to teeth. Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either Stramenopile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of sporophyte E. It has a flagellum. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in C. Proteobacteria Red algae, green algae, and plants are so closely related that they These large marine algae show a large degree of differentiation with a holdfast that anchors the kelp to the rocky ocean floor, elongated stem-like portions called stipes, and flattened leaf-like portions called blades. -into the atmosphere What are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? D. A host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another one.